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《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第1期 页码 63-74 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021427
There is a growing demand for high-quality agricultural products and more countries have adopted landscape management by sowing flowering plants in agricultural fields as an important branch of conservation biological control. However, there has been less concern over the interactions and trade-offs between floral plants and entomophagous arthropods. This paper review progress in pollen/nectar feeding habits of entomophagous insects including parasitoids and predators which are important natural enemies of crop pests in agricultural fields. Factors that influence the preference of different guilds of natural enemies are reviewed to guide the selection of flowering plants in conservation biological control practices. Most studies find that floral resources have positive effects on both biological traits of natural enemies and their abundance and diversity, and this is believed to contribute greatly to pest control. Furthermore, the potential impacts of floral resources on crop yields are also discussed with an emphasis on a guild of entomophagous insects that provides both pest control and pollination services.
关键词： ecosystem services / flowering plants / natural enemies / nectar / pollen
《工程管理前沿（英文）》 页码 582-596 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0268-y
关键词： constructed wetland emergy ecosystem services disservices ternary diagram
CHALLENGES PROVIDING MULTIPLE ECOSYSTEM BENEFITS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGED SYSTEMS
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期 页码 170-176 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022444
Since humans started practicing agriculture at the expense of natural forests, 8000 years ago, they have affected atmospheric CO2concentrations. Their impact on atmospheric CH4 started about 5000 years ago, as result of the cultivation of paddy rice. A challenge of modern agricultural practices is to reverse the impact cropping has had on greenhouse gas emissions and the global climate. There is an increasing demand for agriculture to provide food security as well as a range of other ecosystem services. Depending on ecosystem management, different practices may involve trade-offs and synergies, and these must be considered to work toward desirable management systems. Solution toward food security should not only focus on agricultural management practices, but also on strategies to reduce food waste, more socially-just distribution of resources, changes in lifestyle including decarbonization of the economy, as well as reducing human population growth.
关键词： crop diversification / ecosystem services / food security / sustainable cropping systems
Dan ZHANG, Qingwen MIN, Moucheng LIU, Shengkui CHENG
《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第5期 页码 743-752 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0385-4
关键词： traditional agriculture rice-fish agriculture rice monoculture benefit and cost analysis (BCA) ecosystem services (ES) ecosystem dis-services (EDS)
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND PLANT STRUCTURES: MECHANISMS AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期 页码 197-213 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021433
Interactions between above and below ground parts of plants can be considered under the (overlapping) categories of energy, material and information. Solar energy powers photosynthesis and transpiration by above ground structures, and drives most water uptake through roots and supplies energy as organic matter to below ground parts, including diazotrophic symbionts and mycorrhizas. Material transfer occurs as water and dissolved soil-derived elements transport up the xylem, and a small fraction of water moving up the xylem with dissolved organic carbon and other solutes down the phloem. The cytosolic nature of sieve tubes accounts for at least some of the cycling of K, Mg and P down the phloem. NO3– assimilation of above ground parts requires organic N transport down phloem with, in some cases, organic anions related to shoot acid-base regulation. Long-distance information transfer is related development, biotic and abiotic damage, and above and below ground resource excess and limitation. Information transfer can involve hydraulic, electrical and chemical signaling, with their varying speeds of transmission and information content. Interaction of above and below ground plant parts is an important component of the ecosystem service of storing atmospheric CO2 as organic C in soil, a process that has decreased since the origin of agriculture.
关键词： aerenchyma / carbon accumulation / hormones / phloem / xylem
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第1期 页码 75-81 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021424
● Application of plant defense inducers against tea diseases.
关键词： ‘green’ prevention natural enemies plant defense inducers tea plantations Trifolium repens
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第1期 doi: 0.15302/J-FASE-2021424
The application and development of ‘green’ preventive technologies in tea plantations is an important means of ensuring tea quality and ecological safety. Ecological, agronomic and biological controls are the main preventive measures used in Guizhou Province. This paper summarizes the ‘green’ preventive technologies being applied in Guizhou tea plantations, including the use of plant defense inducers to regulate tea plant responses to pathogens, natural enemies to control pest species causing damage to shoots and Trifolium repens to control the main weed species. In addition, it summarizes the integrated ‘green’ preventive technologies being used in Guizhou and provides a foundation for the ecological maintenance of tea plantations.
关键词： ‘green’ prevention / natural enemies / plant defense inducers / tea plantations / Trifolium repens
DESIGNING DIVERSIFIED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN CHINA: THEORY, APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期 页码 362-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021392
Intensive agriculture in China over recent decades has successfully realized food security but at the expense of negative environmental impacts. Achieving green transformation of agriculture in China requires fundamental restructuring of cropping systems. This paper presents a theoretical framework of theory, approaches and implementation of crop diversification schemes in China. Initially, crop diversification schemes require identifying multiple objectives by simultaneously considering natural resources, limiting factors/constraints, and social and economic demands of different stakeholders. Then, it is necessary to optimize existing and/or design novel cropping systems based upon farming practices and ecological principles, and to strengthen targeted ecosystem services to achieve the identified objectives. Next, the resulting diversified cropping systems need to be evaluated and examined by employing experimental and modeling approaches. Finally, a strategic plan, as presented in this paper, is needed for implementing an optimized crop diversification in China based upon regional characteristics with the concurrent objectives of safe, nutritious food production and environmental protection. The North China Plain is used as an example to illustrate the strategic plan to optimize and design diversified cropping systems. The implementation of crop diversification in China will set an example for other countries undergoing agricultural transition, and contribute to global sustainable development.
黄季焜,侯玲玲,亢楠楠,刘会芳,吕欣欣,张岩,仇焕广,龚亚珍,南志标
《中国工程科学》 2023年 第25卷 第1期 页码 198-206 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.01.015
Nexus security: governance, innovation and the resilient city
Michael Bruce BECK, Rodrigo VILLARROEL WALKER
《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第5期 页码 640-657 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0549-5
关键词： cities as forces for good climate variability ecosystem services energy and nutrient recovery infrastructure failure urban metabolism
Towards the sustainable intensification of agriculture—a systems approach to policy formulation
Leslie G. FIRBANK
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第1期 页码 81-89 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019291
The sustainable intensification of agriculture involves providing sufficient food and other ecosystem services without going beyond the limits of the earth’s system. Here a project management approach is suggested to help guide agricultural policy to deliver these objectives. The first step is to agree measurable outcomes, integrating formal policy goals with the often much less formal and much more diverse goals of individual farmers. The second step is to assess current performance. Ideally, this will involve the use of farm-scale metrics that can feed into process models that address social and environmental domains as well as production issues that can be benchmarked and upscaled to landscape and country. Some policy goals can be delivered by supporting ad hoc interventions, while others require the redesign of the farming system. A pipeline of research, knowledge and capacity building is needed to ensure the continuous increase in farm performance. System models can help prioritise policy interventions. Formal optimization of land use is only appropriate if the policy goals are clear, and the constraints understood. In practice, the best approach may depend on the scale of action that is required, and on the amount of resource and infrastructure available to generate, implement and manage policy.
关键词： agricultural policy ecosystem services indicators of sustainable intensification knowledge exchange land use optimization
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期 页码 214-237 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021437
To achieve the triple challenge of food security, reversing biodiversity declines plus mitigating and adapting to climate change, there is a drive to embed ecological principles into agricultural, value-chain practices and decision-making. By diversifying cropping systems at several scales there is potential to decrease reliance on inputs, provide resilience to abiotic and biotic stress, enhance plant, microbe and animal biodiversity, and mitigate against climate change. In this review we highlight the research performed in Scotland over the past 5 years into the impact of the use of ecological principles in agriculture on sustainability, resilience and provision of ecosystem functions. We demonstrate that diversification of the system can enhance ecosystem functions. Soil and plant management interventions, including nature-based solutions, can also enhance soil quality and utilization of legacy nutrients. Additionally, this is facilitated by greater reliance on soil biological processes and trophic interactions. We highlight the example of intercropping with legumes to deliver sustainability through ecological principles and use legumes as an exemplar of the innovation. We conclude that there are many effective interventions that can be made to deliver resilient, sustainable, and diverse agroecosystems for crop and food production, and these may be applicable in any agroecosystem.
Weixiang YAO, Xianju WANG, Yubin LAN, Ji JIN
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第4期 页码 455-461 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018232
Prewetting process can reduce the contact angle between the droplet and the leaf blade, so that the droplet can more easily wet and spread, thereby increasing the quantity of deposition. To improve the effectiveness of pesticides on cotton leaves, prewetting by single-rotor electric unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) was studied, focusing on the effects of pesticide deposition on cotton leaves during the flowering period. Cotton leaves in 0°–30°, 30°–60°, 60°–90° leaf blade angle ranges (angle between the leaf blade and the horizontal plane) were examined. In the first experiment, four different prewetting volumes (0, 1.6, 3.2 and 4.8 L) were sprayed by a single-rotor electric UAV on four cotton plots (plots A to D) each with an area of 120 m , and then each area was sprayed with a 0.8% (w/v) ponceau 2R solution by another single-rotor electric UAV. The results revealed that with no prewetting, droplet deposition quantity decreased with increasing leaf blade inclination. After prewetting, the mean droplet deposition quantity on plots B, C and D increased by 39.8%, 9.7% and 24.9%, respectively. The prewetting rate of 1.6 L per 120 m had the most significant effect on improving the deposition of droplets. It was also found that the mean droplet deposition quantity in each leaf blade angle range increased after prewetting. For the leaf blade angle range 60° to 90°, this increase was the most pronounced, with 0.043, 0.062, 0.057 and 0.048 L·cm in plots A–D, respectively. Also, droplet deposition uniformity in the leaf blade angle range 60°–90° was better after prewetting. These results should provide a valuable reference for future research and practice to improve the effectiveness of pesticides applied to cotton by aerial applications.
关键词： aerial spray cotton deposition flowering period leaf angle prewetting UAV
宋婷,李岱青,张林波,王光镇,高艳妮,杨春艳,冯朝阳,马欢
《中国工程科学》 2020年 第22卷 第1期 页码 64-72 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.01.007
秦巴山脉地区生态系统的生态安全格局对维护我国中部地区生态系统结构健康、控制生态过程起着关键性的作用，构建合理的生态安全格局是保障该地区生态安全的有效措施。本研究在对秦巴山脉地区水源涵养、物种多样性、生态固碳和土壤保持服务功能重要性评估的基础上，根据这四项生态服务功能在生态资产价值中所占比重赋予权重，结合生态系统敏感性分析结果，采用景观生态的源汇理论，利用热点分析工具识别秦巴山脉地区生态源地。运用最小累积阻力模型识别潜在生态廊道，在此基础上结合区域内河流水系、关键物种分布特征、自然保护区分布等要素形成带状生态廊道和踏脚石生态廊道；最终形成由6 大重要生态斑块、10 条河流廊道、2 条生物通道，以及26 处踏脚石廊道组成的秦巴山脉地区生态安全格局。基于生态系统服务功能重要性的生态安全格局构建，是在生态服务现状基础上提出的规划策略，可为秦巴山脉地区国家公园规划布局，区域生态保护规划和生态文明建设提供重要依据。
DESIGNING DIVERSIFIED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN CHINA: THEORY, APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION
Wen-Feng CONG, Chaochun ZHANG, Chunjie LI, Guangzhou WANG, Fusuo ZHANG
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 页码 362-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021392
关键词： Agriculture Green Development crop diversification cropping system modeling ecosystem services sustainable agriculture
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
FLOWERING PLANTS AND ENTOMOPHAGOUS ARTHROPODS IN THE AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE: A PRACTISE-ORIENTED SUMMARY
期刊论文
Urban constructed wetlands: Assessing ecosystem services and disservices for safe, resilient, and sustainable
期刊论文
Ecosystem service tradeoff between traditional and modern agriculture: a case study in Congjiang County
Dan ZHANG, Qingwen MIN, Moucheng LIU, Shengkui CHENG
期刊论文
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND PLANT STRUCTURES: MECHANISMS AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
期刊论文
APPLICATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ‘GREEN’ PREVENTIVE AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES IN GUIZHOU TEA PLANTATIONS
期刊论文
APPLICATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ‘GREEN’ PREVENTIVE AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES IN GUIZHOU TEA PLANTATIONS
期刊论文
Nexus security: governance, innovation and the resilient city
Michael Bruce BECK, Rodrigo VILLARROEL WALKER
期刊论文
Towards the sustainable intensification of agriculture—a systems approach to policy formulation
Leslie G. FIRBANK
期刊论文
HARNESSING ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND PHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS IN DIVERSIFYING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY: EXPERIENCE FROM STUDIES DEPLOYING NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS IN SCOTLAND
期刊论文
Effect of UAV prewetting application during the flowering period of cotton on pesticide droplet deposition
Weixiang YAO, Xianju WANG, Yubin LAN, Ji JIN
期刊论文
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